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SAP Standard Application Benchmarks in Cloud Environments

In 2012 the SAP Benchmark Council Meeting finalized the rules for running SAP Standard Application Benchmarks in Cloud Environments. The rules specify how SAP Standard Application Benchmarks can be performed in Cloud Environments and what customers have to be aware of, when interpreting the benchmark results.

Sales and Distribution (SD) Two-tier Internet configuration, SAP enhancement package 5 for SAP ERP 6.0

Date of Certification (mm/dd/yyyy)	Technology Partner	Number of Benchmark Users	SAPS	Operating System - Release	RDBMS Release	Central Server	Certification Number
08/22/2017	Microsoft Corporation	24,600	134,630	Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services M128S, 4 processors / 72 cores / 144 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E7-8890 v3, 2.50 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 45 MB L3 cache per processor, 4096 GB main memory	2017036
08/22/2017	Microsoft Corporation	12,600	68,930	Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services M64MS, 4 processors / 72 cores / 144 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E7-8890 v3, 2.50 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 45 MB L3 cache per processor, 4096 GB main memory	2017035
08/07/2017	IBM	12,000	65,520	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.8	DB2 10.5	IBM BI.S2.NW512, 2 processors / 28 cores / 56 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2690 v4, 2.60 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 35 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	2017027
02/07/2017	IBM	9,960	55,020	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.8	DB2 10.5	IBM BI.S1.NW256, 2 processors / 24 cores / 48 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2690 v3, 2.60 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30 MB L3 cache per processor, 256 GB main memory	2017005
12/20/2016	Amazon Web Services	13,420	76,400	Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard Edition	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 r4.16xlarge, 2 processors / 36 cores / 72 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2686 v4, 2.30 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 45 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	2016069
12/20/2016	Amazon Web Services	13,400	75,770	Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard Edition	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 m4.16xlarge, 2 processors / 36 cores / 72 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2686 v4, 2.30 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 45 MB L3 cache per processor, 288 GB main memory	2016068
12/19/2016	IBM	9,900	54,130	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.8	DB2 10.5	IBM BI.S1.NW128, 2 processors / 24 cores / 48 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2690 v3, 2.60 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30MB L3 cache per processor, 128 GB main memory	2016063
12/07/2016	IBM	22,398	122,670	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.7	DB2 10.5	IBM BI.S1.H1000, 4 processors / 60 cores / 120 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E7-4890 v2, 2.80 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 37.5MB L3 cache per processor, 1024 GB main memory	2016060
10/24/2016	IBM	2,000	10,980	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.7	DB2 10.5	IBM BI.S1.NW32, 1 processors / 4 cores / 8 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E3-1270 v3, 3.50 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 8 MB L3 cache per processor, 32 GB main memory	2016048
07/21/2016	Microsoft Corporation	5,550	30,430	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services DS15v2, 2 processors / 24 cores / 48 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2673 v3, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30 MB L3 cache per processor, 192 GB main memory	2016038
05/17/2016	Amazon Web Services	24,060	131,500	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 x1.32xlarge, 4 processors / 72 cores / 144 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E7-8880 v3, 2.30 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 45 MB L3 cache per processor, 2048 GB main memory	2016021
05/09/2016	Microsoft Corporation	4,410	24,180	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services DS14v2, 2 processors / 24 cores / 48 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2673 v3, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30 MB L3 cache per processor, 192 GB main memory	2016018
05/09/2016	Microsoft Corporation	2,240	12,300	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services DS13v2, 2 processors / 24 cores / 48 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2673 v3, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30 MB L3 cache per processor, 192 GB main memory	2016017
05/09/2016	Microsoft Corporation	1,220	6,680	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services DS12v2, 2 processors / 24 cores / 48 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2673 v3, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30 MB L3 cache per processor, 192 GB main memory	2016016
05/09/2016	Microsoft Corporation	640	3,530	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services DS11v2, 2 processors / 24 cores / 48 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2673 v3, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30 MB L3 cache per processor, 192 GB main memory	2016015
05/09/2016	Amazon Web Services	8,600	47,320	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 m4.10xlarge, 2 processors / 24 cores / 48 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2676 v3, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30 MB L3 cache per processor, 192 GB main memory	2016014
10/05/2015	Microsoft Corporation	4,140	22,680	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services GS4, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	2015049
10/05/2015	Microsoft Corporation	2,170	11,870	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services GS3, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	2015048
10/05/2015	Microsoft Corporation	1,250	6,900	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services GS2, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	2015047
10/05/2015	Microsoft Corporation	650	3,580	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services GS1, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	2015046
09/02/2015	Microsoft Corporation	7,600	41,670	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services GS5, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	2015038
07/21/2015	Amazon Web Services	7,980	44,280	Windows Server 2012 Standard Edition	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 m4.10xlarge, 2 processors / 24 cores / 48 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2676 v3, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30 MB L3 cache per processor, 192 GB main memory	2015032
07/21/2015	IBM	9,360	53,730	Windows Server 2012 Standard Edition	SQL Server 2012	IBM AMM CCN-GHW5, 2 processors / 24 cores / 48 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2690 v3, 2.60 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30 MB L3 cache per processor, 256 GB main memory	2015030
07/21/2015	IBM	7,400	41,720	Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard Edition	SQL Server 2012	IBM AMM CCN-GIB5, 2 processors / 20 cores / 40 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2690 v2, 3.0 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 256 GB main memory	2015029
03/10/2015	Amazon Web Services	6,750	37,950	Windows Server 2012 Standard Edition	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 c4.8xlarge, 2 processors / 20 cores / 40 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2666 v3, 2.90 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 64 GB main memory	2015006
03/10/2015	Amazon Web Services	3,385	19,030	Windows Server 2012 Standard Edition	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 c4.4xlarge,2 processors / 20 cores / 40 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2666 v3, 2.90 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 64 GB main memory	2015005
10/27/2014	Amazon Web Services	5,680	31,830	Windows Server 2012 Standard Edition	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 c3.8xlarge, 2 processors / 20 cores / 40 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2680 v2, 2.80 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 64 GB main memory	2014041
10/27/2014	Microsoft Corporation	3,400	18,770	Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services D14, 2 processors / 16 cores / 32 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2660, 2.20 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 128 GB main memory	2014040
10/27/2014	Microsoft Corporation	4,040	22,570	Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services A9, 2 processors / 16 cores / 32 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2670, 2.60 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 128 GB main memory	2014039
10/06/2014	Amazon Web Services	5,824	31,920	Windows Server 2012 Standard Edition	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 r3.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2670 v2, 2.50 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 244GB main memory	2014035
03/28/2013	Amazon Web Services	5,550	30,430	Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 cr1.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2670, 2.60 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 244GB main memory	2014010

Microsoft Corporation

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Sales and Distribution (SD) Three-tier Internet configuration, SAP enhancement package 5 for SAP ERP 6.0

Date of Certification (mm/dd/yyyy)	Technology Partner	Number of Benchmark Users	SAPS	Operating System - Release	RDBMS Release	Database Server	Number & Type of Application Servers	Certification Number
11/02/2015	Microsoft Corporation	16.640	91.050	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services DS13,2 processors / 16 cores / 32 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2660, 2.20 GHz, 32 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 128 GB main memory	1 x Azure Virtual Machine Services DS12, 2 processors / 16 cores / 32 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2660, 2.20 GHz, 32 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 128 GB main memory 6 x Azure Virtual Machine Services DS14, 2 processors / 16 cores / 32 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2660, 2.20 GHz, 32 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 128 GB main memory	2015052
11/02/2015	Microsoft Corporation	8.800	48.750	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services DS13,2 processors / 16 cores / 32 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2660, 2.20 GHz, 32 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 128 GB main memory	1 x Azure Virtual Machine Services DS12, 2 processors / 16 cores / 32 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2660, 2.20 GHz, 32 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 128 GB main memory 3 x Azure Virtual Machine Services DS14, 2 processors / 16 cores / 32 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2660, 2.20 GHz, 32 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 128 GB main memory	2015051
10/05/2015	Microsoft Corporation	45,100	247,880	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services GS4, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	1 x Azure Virtual Machine Services GS2, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5- 2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory 7 x Azure Virtual Machine Services GS5, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory.	2015045
10/05/2015	Microsoft Corporation	24,500	137,520	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services GS3, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	1 x Azure Virtual Machine Services GS2, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5- 2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory 4 x Azure Virtual Machine Services GS5, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory.	2015044
10/05/2015	Microsoft Corporation	14,060	78,620	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services GS2, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	1 x Azure Virtual Machine Services GS2, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5- 2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory 2 x Azure Virtual Machine Services GS5, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory .	2015043
10/05/2015	Microsoft Corporation	7,000	38,415	Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Edition	SQL Server 2012	Azure Virtual Machine Services GS1, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory	1 x Azure Virtual Machine Services GS2, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5- 2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory 1 x Azure Virtual Machine Services GS5, 2 processors / 32 cores / 64 threads, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2698B v3, 2.00 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 40 MB L3 cache per processor, 512 GB main memory.	2015042
11/27/2013	Amazon WebServices	11,464	62,750	Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 m2.4xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2665, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 68.4GB main memory	9 x Amazon EC2 m2.4xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2665, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 68.4GB main memory	2013035
11/27/2013	Amazon WebServices	11,464	62,750	Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter	SQL Server 2012	Amazon EC2 m2.4xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2665, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 68.4GB main memory	9 x Amazon EC2 m2.4xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2665, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 68.4GB main memory	2013035

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SAP BW Enhanced Mixed Load (BW EML) Standard Application Benchmark Results (500,000,000 records)

Date of Certification (mm/dd/yyyy)	Technology Partner	Number of records	Ad-Hoc Navigation Steps/ Hour	Operating System - Release Database Server	RDBMS Release	SAP NetWeaver Release	Number & Type of Database/Application Servers	Certification Number
01/17/2014	Amazon Web Services	500,000,000	113,390	SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 11	SAP HANA 1.0	SAP NetWeaver 7.31	1 database server: Amazon EC2 cr1.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2670, 2.60 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 20 MB L3 cache per processor, 244 GB main memory; 2 application servers: Amazon EC2 c3.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2680 v2, 2.80 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 60 GB main memory	2014001
04/10/2014	Amazon Web Services	500,000,000	137,510	SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 11	SAP HANA 1.0	SAP NetWeaver 7.31	1 database server: Amazon EC2 r3.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2670 v2, 2.50 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 244 GB main memory; 2 application servers: Amazon EC2 c3.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2680 v2, 2.80 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 60 GB main memory	2014013

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SAP BW Enhanced Mixed Load (BW EML) Standard Application Benchmark Results (2,000,000,000 records)

Date of Certification (mm/dd/yyyy)		Technology Partner		Number of records		Ad-Hoc Navigation Steps/ Hour		Operating System - Release Database Server		RDBMS Release		SAP NetWeaver Release		Number & Type of Database/Application Servers		Certification Number
04/11/2014		Amazon Web Services		2,000,000,000		177,590		SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 11		SAP HANA 1.0		SAP NetWeaver 7.31		5 database servers: Amazon EC2 r3.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2670 v2, 2.50 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 244 GB main memory ; 3 application servers: Amazon EC2 c3.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2680 v2, 2.80 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 60 GB main memory		2014014

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SAP BW Enhanced Mixed Load (BW EML) Standard Application Benchmark Results (5,000,000,000 records)

Date of Certification (mm/dd/yyyy)	Technology Partner	Number of records	Ad-Hoc Navigation Steps/ Hour	Operating System - Release Database Server	RDBMS Release	SAP NetWeaver Release	Number & Type of Database/Application Servers	Certification Number
05/05/2015	Amazon Web Services	5,000,000,000	303.270	SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 11	SAP HANA 1.0	SAP NetWeaver 7.40	17 database servers: Amazon EC2 r3.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2670 v2, 2.50 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 244 GB main memory; 3 application servers: Amazon EC2 c4.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2666 v3, 2.90 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 60 GB main memory	2015019
05/05/2015	Amazon Web Services	5,000,000,000	258,020	SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 11	SAP HANA 1.0	SAP NetWeaver 7.40	14 database servers: Amazon EC2 r3.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2670 v2, 2.50 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 244 GB main memory; 3 application servers: Amazon EC2 c4.8xlarge, Intel Xeon Processor E5-2666 v3, 2.90 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 25 MB L3 cache per processor, 60 GB main memory	2015017

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SAP Benchmarks in cloud environments

Things you should be aware of when interpreting SAP Standard Application Benchmarks in cloud environments results:

Shared Resources:
Network and Storage are shared resources in typical cloud offerings. There might be a impact from other cloud subscribers on the network and storage performance. Network and Storage SLAs should be defined to minimize the risk of performance impacts.

WAN Connectivity:
In a typically Cloud Offering the Customers are connected via a WAN connection (Internet or VPN) to the cloud provider computing center. The performance of the WAN is not part of the cloud provider nor SAP responsibility. Please be aware of this. The Cloud Provider should offer a tool to measure the actual WAN performance from customer location to the Cloud.

Hardware Changes:
Underlying hardware of a cloud container might change over time.

Single Computing Unit (SCU) Performance:
Some SAP applications for example SAP CRM, SAP SRM and SAP EWM benefit from a very good SCU performance in order to ensure fast response times. With changing hardware in a cloud environment there might also be changes in SCU Performance. SLAs should be defined to guarantee a constant Single Computing Unit Performance for constant application performance.

Flexibility (elasticity) of the cloud infrastructure:
How fast can infrastructure be adapted to customer needs. How big can be the largest container in the Cloud environment, needed for scaling in multitier environments. These are two questions that should be taken into account when you are planning to subscribe to a cloud offering.