The top supply chain optimisation priorities haven’t really changed for decades, even centuries: Ensure customers are happy, increase efficiency and profitability, and balance supply and demand. And while those core priorities remain at the fore, businesses today find themselves facing levels of change and uncertainty that they’ve never seen before. The bad news is that things like climate events, economic upheaval, and geopolitical unrest seem to grow more complex with each passing year. But the good news is that you can now leverage smart technologies and tools to better power increasingly sophisticated supply chain optimisation strategies.

The evolution of supply chain network optimisation

With globalisation and technological advancements, the scope and potential company-wide benefit of supply chain optimisation have expanded significantly over the years.

• In the old days - Before there was overnight delivery and online shopping, there were fewer warehouses and, frankly, less stuff available to both B2B and B2C customers. Companies devoted much of their resources to logistics – transporting products from manufacturing sites to markets. A major focus was on reducing transport costs.
• Strategic integration - As businesses recognised the strategic value of supply chains, the focus shifted towards integration. This involved aligning supply chain processes with business goals and strategies. This early integration saw the beginning of companies realising the benefit of better centralised coordination across their supply chain networks.
• Technology adoption - The advent of technologies like manufacturing resource planning (MRP) and later, ERP systems, marked a significant milestone. These technologies allowed companies to start getting a digitally unified view of their supply chain operations, from procurement to product delivery.
• Advanced optimisation - The latest phase in this evolution, of course, involves the adoption of today’s most advanced technologies like AI, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data analytics. These technologies provide unprecedented visibility, collaboration, and control over supply chain operations, allowing for predictive analytics, real-time decision making, and enhanced responsiveness to market changes.
• Sustainability and resilience - Today, supply chain optimisation is not just about efficiency and cost savings. Modern companies are increasingly focusing on reducing their environmental impact and ensuring their supply chains can withstand various disruptions. Supply chain technologies are evolving along with this trend, to support these measures with digital tools.

The stages of supply chain optimisation

To achieve the most efficient and effective results, the process of supply chain optimisation is typically segmented into three phases. This approach aims to meet strategic business goals whilst boosting overall performance and improving customer satisfaction.

1. Supply chain design

This stage lays the foundation for all subsequent activities. It involves crafting your supply chain framework to align with the strategic objectives of your business.

• Strategic alignment. In this phase, the focus is on understanding your long-term business goals and how your supply chain can support them. Decisions made here include the selection of suppliers, manufacturing locations, and logistics networks, all aimed at optimising cost, efficiency, and responsiveness.
• Technological infrastructure. The design stage also includes the choice of technology platforms that will support supply chain operations. Today, this involves the implementation of ERP systems and cloud-based supply chain solutions that promote visibility and collaboration.
• Risk assessment and planning. A crucial aspect of this stage is assessing potential risks down the road – both operational and external – and developing contingency plans. This involves analysing various scenarios and their potential impact on your business, thereby ensuring preparedness for unforeseen events.
• Sustainability considerations. Increasingly, supply chain design also incorporates sustainability goals. This involves choosing eco-friendly materials, optimising logistics to reduce carbon footprint, and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.

1. Supply chain planning

Strategic planning is a critical component of supply chain optimisation, focused on building your ongoing business model and establishing achievable goals and key performance indicators (KPIs).

• Long-term vision includes setting KPIs and targets. It's about understanding market trends, customer needs, and how your supply chain can adapt to meet evolving demands.
• Resource allocation means deciding where to invest in terms of technology, human resources, and physical infrastructure to maximise efficiency and meet your strategic objectives.
• Demand planning and forecasting involves using historical data and predictive analytics to anticipate future demand, allowing you to optimise inventory levels and reduce waste. During times of inflation and shifting markets, this is a highly essential activity.
• Collaboration and communication necessitate working closely with suppliers, distributors, and other partners to ensure a cohesive approach to supply chain management and alignment with shared goals.

1. Supply chain execution

Execution in supply chain optimisation is where strategic planning meets real-world application. It's the stage where the designed strategies and plans are put into action.

• Operational efficiency involves the day-to-day management of supply chain activities such as procurement, manufacturing, transportation, and distribution, ensuring that they all work as intended.
• Real-time monitoring and adjustment allow everyone to make quick adjustments as needed. With smart technology, you can track your supply chain activities in real time, allowing for immediate responses to any disruptions or customer requirements.
• Collaboration and integration with suppliers, manufacturers, and other stakeholders ensures the fulfilment of all the promises made further up the chain. This can include things like meeting delivery deadlines, and ensuring that products arrive in safe, good condition.
• Customer satisfaction comprises the last link in the chain. This stage is where goods are delivered on time and in good condition. And where customer feedback is gathered and (ideally) acted upon.

Collaboration and B2B integration in supply chain optimisation

The ability to collaborate with your B2B network on a unified platform is an essential component in your strategic efforts to optimise. In the past, achieving the desired aims of the three phases of supply chain optimisation (design, planning, and execution) was a linear process, involving one-by-one communication, with lags in responses and events often having already happened before anyone was on top of them.

When you can connect with your trading partners in real time, sharing actionable data and meaningful insights as they happen, you can manage disruption, mitigate risk, execute on contingency plans, and rapidly onboard and buy from new suppliers if needed.

Examples of supply chain process optimisation

Here are some key optimisation goals to help make your core supply chain functions more resilient:

1. Warehouse optimisation
   • Advanced AI algorithms analyse historical data to predict future stock requirements and optimise warehouse space. IoT devices track inventory in real time, providing valuable insights into stock movement, reducing waste, and ensuring products are available when needed.
2. Inventory optimisation
   • Sophisticated predictive analytics tools process sales data, seasonal trends, and market fluctuations to forecast demand accurately. This prevents surplus, reduces carrying costs, and minimises the risk of stockouts, ensuring a balanced inventory.
3. Logistics optimisation
   • AI allows you to integrate real-time data from various sources, helping you devise more efficient delivery routes and timetables. This reduces fuel consumption, lowers delivery times, and enhances overall transport efficiency.
4. Manufacturing optimisation
   • Customer feedback combined with rapid prototyping and agile manufacturing processes means quicker adaptation to market trends and faster product development cycles, reducing time-to-market.
5. Optimisation of customer service
   • Analysis of sales and review data provides deeper insights into customer behaviour and preferences. This allows you to offer tailored support and services and improve customer satisfaction and loyalty.
6. Optimised sustainability
   • Analysis of resource consumption and supply chain practices helps you make informed decisions that reduce environmental impact, such as optimising routes for lower emissions and selecting sustainable materials.
7. Sourcing optimisation
   • Evaluation of supplier performance, reliability, and risk factors leads to more effective sourcing strategies. This ensures efficient, cost-effective procurement whilst maintaining supply chain integrity and quality standards.

Using supply chain optimisation software to tie it all together

In sport, a winning team has to be faster, stronger, and better skilled than their competitors. But that’s only part of the game. The real victories come when all the members of a team understand why they must work together, and how they should play to each other’s weaknesses and strengths to make them stronger than the sum of their parts. This kind of thinking is obviously nothing new – whether for a sports team or a business team. What is new, however, and what have emerged powerfully in the past few years, are the many new technologies and solutions that are available to support, drive, and generate seamless collaboration and end-to-end supply chain team visibility.

Supply chains are no longer just about moving stuff from A to B. As we learnt during the pandemic, an unhealthy supply chain can grind the rest of your business to a screeching halt – whereas a good, smooth one can launch you up and ahead of your competitors. Today’s best supply chain optimisation solutions take a holistic look at your business, considering your supply chain in context with all your other goals, threats, and strategic plans – meaning your supply chain teams and partners can work together to respond to anything that this fast-changing market may throw at them.

Why SAP for supply chain optimisation software

SAP has multiple solutions for supply chain optimisation. With SAP Business Network you can collaborate with your B2B network partners in real time, to help you sidestep disruption before it happens, and respond with speed and agility when it does. With SAP Integrated Business Planning for supply chain, you can create coordinated, adaptable plans for a sustainable, risk-resilient future. And with our portfolio of SAP supply chain solutions, you can optimise processes across manufacturing, logistics, PLM, and more.

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