€ millions, unless otherwise stated | Notes | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
Cloud | 9,418 | 8,080 | 6,933 | |
Software licenses | 3,248 | 3,642 | 4,533 | |
Software support | 11,412 | 11,506 | 11,547 | |
Software licenses and support | 14,660 | 15,148 | 16,080 | |
Cloud and software | 24,078 | 23,228 | 23,012 | |
Services | 3,764 | 4,110 | 4,541 | |
Total revenue | (A.1), (C.2) | 27,842 | 27,338 | 27,553 |
Cost of cloud | −3,105 | −2,699 | −2,534 | |
Cost of software licenses and support | −1,925 | −2,008 | −2,159 | |
Cost of cloud and software | −5,030 | −4,707 | −4,692 | |
Cost of services | −2,916 | −3,178 | −3,662 | |
Total cost of revenue | −7,946 | −7,886 | −8,355 | |
Gross profit | 19,897 | 19,453 | 19,199 | |
Research and development | −5,190 | −4,454 | −4,292 | |
Sales and marketing | −7,505 | −7,106 | −7,693 | |
General and administration | −2,431 | −1,356 | −1,629 | |
Restructuring | (B.6) | −157 | 3 | −1,130 |
Other operating income/expense, net | 43 | 84 | 18 | |
Total operating expenses | −23,186 | −20,715 | −23,081 | |
Operating profit | 4,656 | 6,623 | 4,473 | |
Other non-operating income/expense, net | (C.3) | 17 | −179 | −74 |
Finance income | 3,123 | 1,473 | 787 | |
Finance costs | −949 | −697 | −589 | |
Financial income, net | (C.4) | 2,174 | 776 | 198 |
Profit before tax | (C.2) | 6,847 | 7,220 | 4,596 |
Income tax expense | (C.5) | −1,471 | −1,938 | −1,226 |
Profit after tax | 5,376 | 5,283 | 3,370 | |
Attributable to owners of parent | 5,256 | 5,145 | 3,321 | |
Attributable to non-controlling interests | 121 | 138 | 50 | |
Earnings per share, basic (in €) | (C.6) | 4.46 | 4.35 | 2.78 |
Earnings per share, diluted (in €) | (C.6) | 4.46 | 4.35 | 2.78 |