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Consolidated Income Statements of SAP Group for the Years Ended December 31

€ millions, unless otherwise stated Notes 2020 2019 2018
Cloud   8,080 6,933 4,993
Software licenses   3,642 4,533 4,647
Software support   11,506 11,547 10,981
Software licenses and support   15,148 16,080 15,628
Cloud and software   23,228 23,012 20,622
Services   4,110 4,541 4,086
Total revenue (A.1), (C.2) 27,338 27,553 24,708
         
Cost of cloud   −2,699 −2,534 −2,068
Cost of software licenses and support   −2,008 −2,159 −2,092
Cost of cloud and software   −4,707 −4,692 −4,160
Cost of services   −3,178 −3,662 −3,302
Total cost of revenue   −7,886 −8,355 −7,462
Gross profit   19,453 19,199 17,246
Research and development   −4,454 −4,292 −3,624
Sales and marketing   −7,106 −7,693 −6,781
General and administration   −1,356 −1,629 −1,098
Restructuring (B.6) 3 −1,130 −19
Other operating income/expense, net   84 18 −20
Total operating expenses   −20,715 −23,081 −19,005
Operating profit   6,623 4,473 5,703
         
Other non-operating income/expense, net (C.3) −179 −74 −56
Finance income   1,473 787 371
Finance costs   −697 −589 −418
Financial income, net (C.4) 776 198 −47
Profit before tax (C.2) 7,220 4,596 5,600
         
Income tax expense (C.5) −1,938 −1,226 −1,511
Profit after tax   5,283 3,370 4,088
Attributable to owners of parent   5,145 3,321 4,083
Attributable to non-controlling interests   138 50 6
         
Earnings per share, basic (in €) (C.6) 4.35 2.78 3.42
Earnings per share, diluted (in €) (C.6) 4.35 2.78 3.42

Under the adoption method we chose for IFRS 16, 2018 numbers are not restated to conform to the new accounting policies. For more information, see Note (IN.1).

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