Consolidated Income Statements of SAP Group for the Years Ended December 31

€ millions, unless otherwise stated   Notes   2018   2017   2016
Cloud subscriptions and support       4,993   3,769   2,993
Software licenses       4,647   4,872   4,859
Software support       10,981   10,908   10,571
Software licenses and support       15,628   15,780   15,431
Cloud and software       20,622   19,549   18,424
Services       4,086   3,912   3,639
Total revenue   (A.1), (C.2)   24,708   23,461   22,062
                 
Cost of cloud subscriptions and support       −2,068   −1,660   −1,313
Cost of software licenses and support       −2,092   −2,234   −2,182
Cost of cloud and software       −4,160   −3,893   −3,495
Cost of services       −3,302   −3,158   −3,089
Total cost of revenue       −7,462   −7,051   −6,583
Gross profit       17,246   16,410   15,479
Research and development       −3,624   −3,352   −3,044
Sales and marketing       −6,781   −6,924   −6,265
General and administration       −1,098   −1,075   −1,005
Restructuring   (B.6)   −19   −182   −28
Other operating income/expense, net       −20   1   −3
Total operating expenses       −19,005   −18,584   −16,928
Operating profit       5,703   4,877   5,135
                 
Other non-operating income/expense, net   (C.3)   −56   −36   −234
Finance income       371   476   230
Finance costs       −418   −288   −259
Financial income, net   (C.4)   −47   188   −29
Profit before tax   (C.2)   5,600   5,029   4,872
                 
Income tax expense   (C.5)   −1,511   −983   −1,242
Profit after tax       4,088   4,046   3,629
Attributable to owners of parent       4,083   4,008   3,642
Attributable to non-controlling interests       6   38   −13
                 
Earnings per share, basic (in €)   (C.6)   3.42   3.35   3.04
Earnings per share, diluted (in €)   (C.6)   3.42   3.35   3.04

 

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.