Intro

Waterfall charts are used to analyze a cumulative value. They show how the cumulative value changes from an initial state to a final state by representing the accumulation of successive values.

Examples

Profit and Loss

The margin is a cumulative value equal to the sum of all revenues (positive) and all costs (negative).

Waterfall chart - Profit and loss

Waterfall chart - Profit and loss

Inventory over Time

The stock level is equal to the sum of all incoming stocks (positive) and outgoing stocks (negative).

Waterfall chart - Stock level over time

Waterfall chart - Stock level over time

Chart Types

The orientation of the waterfall chart (horizontal or vertical) should follow best practices of the business area from which the application is designed.

Waterfall Chart Without Time Dimension

If the chart does not represent changes over time, use a horizontal waterfall chart with horizontal bars. This way, you will avoid unnecessarily truncating the category labels.

Horizontal waterfall chart

Horizontal waterfall chart

Waterfall Chart with Time Dimension

If the chart represents the change of a cumulative value over time, use a vertical waterfall chart with vertical bars, with the horizontal axis representing the temporal dimension.

For the horizontal axis, you can choose between a categorical axis or a time axis:

  • Choose a categorical axis if you need to display the total and subtotal. But be aware that the dates might be displayed at a 45° angle in the categorical axis, and that you must manage the localization of the date and time by yourself.

Horizontal waterfall chart with categorical time axis

Horizontal waterfall chart with categorical time axis

  • Choose the time axis if you do not need to display the total and subtotal. With the time axis, the dates will be correctly displayed in the horizontal axis and correctly localized. Also, with the time axis, the physical spacing between your data points accurately respects the time scale being displayed, as opposed to just rendering all your data points equidistantly.

Waterfall chart with time axis

Waterfall chart with time axis

  • With the time axis, you can also display multiple measures in the so-called “periodic waterfall chart”. In the periodic waterfall chart, all measures are cumulated for each period.

Periodic waterfall chart

Periodic waterfall chart

Total and Subtotal

warning
Total and subtotal are not supported when using a time axis.
The initial and the final values are usually represented by an entire column starting from the zero axis. An intermediate total can be added.

Waterfall chart with an intermediate total

Waterfall chart with an intermediate total

You can also add intermediate subtotals that are the sum of previous values.

Waterfall chart with an intermediate subtotal

Waterfall chart with an intermediate subtotal

Colors

Default Colors

By default, the chart use three colors based on the following semantic:

  • Positive values use a color defined by the property: plotArea.dataPoint.color.positive.
  • Negative values use a color defined by the property: plotArea.dataPoint.color.negative
  • Totals use a color defined by the property: plotArea.dataPoint.color.total

By default, these three colors are:

  • Blue (@sapUiChartPaletteSequentialHue1Light1)
  • Orange (@sapUiChartPaletteSequentialHue2Light1)
  • Gray (@sapUiChartPaletteSequentialNeutral)

These colors are defined by the sequential palette, but can be customized.

Waterfall chart with default colors

Waterfall chart with default colors

Custom Colors

You can customize the colors in two ways:

Changing Colors

The colors color.positive, color.negative and color.total can be changed to any color from the chart palette. The chart will use these three colors based on the rules defined above.

Example: Positive and negative are blue, and total by gray.

Waterfall chart with custom colors

Waterfall chart with custom colors

Example: Positive are green and negative are red. Total is gray.

Waterfall chart with semantic colors

Waterfall chart with semantic colors

Using your Own Rules

You can set any color to any bar based on your own rules. To define the rules, use the property dataPointStyle:rules.

Use dataPointStyle:others to define the colors for all data points that are not covered by the rules. If the color of a data point is not defined, the data point will be displayed with a black color to indicate that no color has been defined.

Example: Direct costs and indirect costs use different shades of orange from the sequential palette.

Waterfall chart with colors based on business rules

Waterfall chart with colors based on business rules

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changes
Stacked waterfall chart: Each intermediate positive or negative values can be split in multiple values, like in a stacked chart. Periodic waterfall chart: This chart is dedicated to show a cumulative value over time. In addition,it allows to clearly visualize each period with multiple measures in each period to correctly display the date in a responsive way.

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Resources

Elements and Controls

Implementation