EMS/ODM providers continue to extend horizontal services to support their Brand Owner customer. These services are not a significant portion of revenue for the EMS, however are frequentlysources of profit and are required services to many customers. Product service includes installation support, customer support, maintenance of products, spare parts, field service, repair center /depot support. Services are sold in a variety of ways like extended warranties, as part of guaranteed response service agreements and on an as needed, pay per call basis. The service supplychain is very complex; so EMS need to be able to manage the complexity through process automation and visibility. Visibility into the parts network helps ensure optimum inventory levels whileavoiding penalties for not meeting the expected service levels for customers.